Quant Buffet放轻松,别过度思虑

在FOMC目标利率变化之前的美元

登录后收藏

学术论文

作者The Dollar Ahead of FOMC Target Rate Changes [点击查看论文]

策略概要

该策略使用联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)宣布前三天到期的次月联邦基金期货来预测美联储的行动。信号基于预期目标利率(从期货价格得出)与当前目标利率之间的利差。如果利差≥12.5个基点,则该策略做多美元兑一篮子发达国家货币;如果≤-12.5个基点,则做空。如果利差在-12.5和12.5个基点之间,则不采取任何行动。交易发生在联邦公开市场委员会宣布前两天,并在宣布日平仓,杠杆比率为5:1。

II. 策略合理性

所描述的效应令人费解,因为标准的汇率模型和无抛补利率平价都无法解释为什么美国利率在联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)宣布前的几周内逐渐上升,而美元仅在两天前走强。联邦基金期货利差和利率差异与联邦公开市场委员会会议前一个月的政策变动保持一致,美国利率上升推动了这些变化,而G10利率保持稳定。重要的是,联邦基金期货利差和利率差异的动态仅在联邦公开市场委员会宣布前的两天内与美元的走势相吻合。

回测表现

波动率7.28%
夏普比率0.98
索提诺比率-0.434
胜率45%

完整 Python 代码

from AlgorithmImports import *
from pandas.tseries.offsets import BDay
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
#endregion
class TheDollarAheadOfFOMCTargetRateChanges(QCAlgorithm):
def initialize(self) -> None:
 self.set_start_date(2000, 1, 1)
 self.set_cash(100000)
 self.spread:float|None = None
 self.last_target_rate:float|None = None
 self.last_target_rate_update:datetime.date|None = None
 self.max_missing_days_target_rate:int = 5
 self.days_counter:int = 0
 self.holding_period: int = 3
 self.spread_threshold: float = 0.125
 self.leverage:int = 5
 data = self.add_data(QuantpediaFutures, 'ICE_DX1', Resolution.DAILY)
 data.set_fee_model(CustomFeeModel())
 data.set_leverage(self.leverage)
 
 self.symbol:Symbol = data.symbol
 self.fed_fund_futures:Symbol = self.add_data(NasdaqFedFuture, 'CHRIS/CME_FF3', Resolution.DAILY).symbol
 self.fed_fund_rate:Symbol = self.add_data(FedRate, 'FEDFUNDS', Resolution.DAILY).symbol
 
 csv_string_file:str = self.download('data.quantpedia.com/backtesting_data/economic/fed_days.csv')
 dates:list[str] = csv_string_file.split('\r\n')
 fed_dates:list[datetime.date] = [datetime.strptime(x, '%Y-%m-%d') for x in dates]
 self.three_days_before_fed:list[datetime.date] = [(x - BDay(3)).date() for x in fed_dates]
def on_data(self, data: Slice) -> None:
 curr_date:datetime.date = self.time.date()
 custom_data_last_update_date: Dict[Symbol, datetime.date] = LastDateHandler.get_last_update_date()
 if all((self.securities[symbol].get_last_data() and self.time.date() > custom_data_last_update_date[symbol]) for symbol in [self.symbol, self.fed_fund_rate]):
     self.liquidate()
     return
 # coming on daily basis
 if self.fed_fund_futures in data and data[self.fed_fund_futures]:
     fed_fund_futures_value = data[self.fed_fund_futures].value
     self.last_target_rate = 100 - fed_fund_futures_value
     self.last_target_rate_update = curr_date
 # coming on monthly basis
 if self.fed_fund_rate in data and data[self.fed_fund_rate]:
     self.last_fed_rate = data[self.fed_fund_rate].Value
 if self.last_target_rate_update != None and (curr_date - self.last_target_rate_update).days > self.max_missing_days_target_rate:
     self.last_target_rate = None
     self.last_target_rate_update = None
 # Three days before fed calculate expected target rate and spread
 if curr_date in self.three_days_before_fed and self.last_target_rate != None and self.last_fed_rate != None:
     self.spread = self.last_target_rate - self.last_fed_rate
 
 if self.symbol in data and data[self.symbol]:
     # Buy dollar future two days before fed. Emit insight and let it expire (liquidate) by itself.
     if self.spread:
         if self.spread >= self.spread_threshold:
             self.set_holdings(self.symbol, 1)
         elif self.spread <= -self.spread_threshold:
             self.set_holdings(self.symbol, -1)
     
         self.spread = None
 if self.portfolio.invested:
     self.days_counter += 1
 if self.days_counter >= self.holding_period:
     self.days_counter = 0
     self.liquidate()
class NasdaqFedFuture(NasdaqDataLink):
def __init__(self) -> None:
 self.ValueColumnName = "Value"
 
class LastDateHandler():
_last_update_date:Dict[Symbol, datetime.date] = {}

@staticmethod
def get_last_update_date() -> Dict[Symbol, datetime.date]:
return LastDateHandler._last_update_date
 
# Quantpedia data.
# NOTE: IMPORTANT: Data order must be ascending (datewise)
class QuantpediaFutures(PythonData):
def GetSource(self, config: SubscriptionDataConfig, date: datetime, isLiveMode: bool) -> SubscriptionDataSource:
 return SubscriptionDataSource("data.quantpedia.com/backtesting_data/futures/{0}.csv".format(config.Symbol.Value), SubscriptionTransportMedium.RemoteFile, FileFormat.Csv)
def Reader(self, config: SubscriptionDataConfig, line: str, date: datetime, isLiveMode: bool) -> BaseData:
 data = QuantpediaFutures()
 data.Symbol = config.Symbol
 
 if not line[0].isdigit(): return None
 split = line.split(';')
 
 data.Time = datetime.strptime(split[0], "%d.%m.%Y") + timedelta(days=1)
 data['back_adjusted'] = float(split[1])
 data['spliced'] = float(split[2])
 data.Value = float(split[1])
 if config.Symbol not in LastDateHandler._last_update_date:
     LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol] = datetime(1,1,1).date()
 if data.Time.date() > LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol]:
     LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol] = data.Time.date()
 return data
# Quantpedia monthly custom data.
# NOTE: IMPORTANT: Data order must be ascending (datewise)
class FedRate(PythonData):
def GetSource(self, config: SubscriptionDataConfig, date: datetime, isLiveMode: bool) -> SubscriptionDataSource:
 return SubscriptionDataSource(f'data.quantpedia.com/backtesting_data/economic/{config.Symbol.Value}.csv', SubscriptionTransportMedium.RemoteFile, FileFormat.Csv)
def Reader(self, config: SubscriptionDataConfig, line: str, date: datetime, isLiveMode: bool) -> BaseData:
 data = FedRate()
 data.Symbol = config.Symbol
 
 if not line[0].isdigit(): return None
 split: str = line.split(';')
 
 data.Time = datetime.strptime(split[0], "%Y-%m-%d") + relativedelta(months=1)
 data.Value = float(split[1])
 if config.Symbol not in LastDateHandler._last_update_date:
     LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol] = datetime(1,1,1).date()
 if data.Time.date() > LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol]:
     LastDateHandler._last_update_date[config.Symbol] = data.Time.date()
 return data
# Custom fee model
class CustomFeeModel(FeeModel):
def GetOrderFee(self, parameters):
 fee = parameters.Security.Price * parameters.Order.AbsoluteQuantity * 0.00005
 return OrderFee(CashAmount(fee, "USD"))