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Illiquidity Factor in China

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Academic paper

Is Illiquidity Priced in the Chinese Stock Market?

AuthorsJun Liu; Kai Wu; Lang Zheng

Institute
  • NLTIAS School for Business and Society
  • NLTilburg University
  • ?Tilburg University - TIAS School for Business and Society
  • Central University of Finance and Economics
  • ?Central University of Finance and Economics (CUFE) - School of Finance
  • ?Central University of Finance and Economics (CUFE)

Strategy in a nutshell

Universe: Chinese A-shares from WIND (Shanghai + Shenzhen Stock Exchanges).

Signal: Inverse turnover (INVTO) = 1 ÷ turnover ratio.

Turnover ratio = traded shares ÷ total shares (per month).

Portfolio construction:

Value-weighted, rebalanced monthly.

Sort all stocks each month into 5 quintiles by INVTO.

Long quintile 5 (highest INVTO = lowest turnover = least traded = more illiquid).

Short quintile 1 (lowest INVTO = highest turnover = most liquid).

Economic rationale

Liquidity is central in China:

Trading mechanism: Call + continuous auction; low counterparties = higher liquidity risk.

Investor base: Retail dominance (≈99.7% of accounts) → speculative, short-term, high turnover.

Short selling restrictions: Limited (<1% of trading volume), gradually rising but still low → increases market friction.

Higher cost of capital: China’s equity cost is higher than the US (Carpenter et al., 2021), making liquidity factors especially powerful predictors.

Implication: Illiquidity premium exists → stocks with lower turnover (higher INVTO) deliver higher returns because investors demand compensation for bearing liquidity risk.

Backtest performance

Annualised return115.32%
Volatility33.93%
Sharpe ratio3.39