Quant BuffetRelax, Not Over Thinking

Bond ETF arbitrage with Machine Learning

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Academic paper

Evolutionary Arbitrage

AuthorsJulio A. Crego; Jens Soerlie Kvaerner; Åvald Åslaugson Sommervoll; Dag Einar Sommervoll; Niek Stevens

Institute
  • NLTilburg University
  • NOUniversity of Oslo
  • ?Digital infrastructure and security
  • NONorwegian University of Life Sciences
  • ?NTNU Business School
  • ?Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
  • Capital University
  • ?SIG-i Capital AG

Strategy in a nutshell

1. Target Selection

The strategy begins by identifying ETFs with potential mispricing. Each trading day, ETFs traded consistently over the past 500 days are considered candidate targets. These candidates are ranked based on their premium relative to NAV, and one ETF among the top three is randomly selected to short. This selection method ensures diversification and focuses on ETFs whose price deviates from fundamentals.

2. Mimicking Portfolio Construction

Once a target is selected, a mimicking portfolio of up to eight ETFs is constructed using a genetic algorithm and nonnegative least squares (NNLS). This portfolio consists of long positions only, with carefully constrained weights to minimize transaction costs and maintain liquidity. Daily profits are calculated

Economic rationale

The strategy’s core idea is to create a liquid mimicking portfolio of ETFs that substitutes for the underlying securities in the NAV. By combining a genetic algorithm with nonnegative least squares (NNLS), the method identifies ETFs whose combined returns replicate a target ETF, allowing arbitrageurs to exploit mispricing efficiently. Key requirements include liquidity, low-cost tradability, positive weights, and a high explanatory R² in regression. Constraints—

Backtest performance

Annualised return17.64%
Volatility5.31%
Sharpe ratio3.32